# @science on Instagram

- **Type:** Image
- **Original URL:** https://www.instagram.com/p/DQIe0jdk97Z
- **Gondola URL:** https://gondola.cc/posts/36112419-science-instagram
- **Thumbnail:** https://img.gondola.cc/tr:w-,h-,fo-auto/postThumbnails/17ec6aefd3.jpg
- **Posted:** 2025-10-23T01:00:30.000+00:00
- **Account Owner:** Science 🧬 (@science) — https://gondola.cc/science

## Caption

According to the Toba catastrophe theory, modern human evolution was affected by a large volcanic event.⁠
Within the last three to five million years, after human and other ape lineages diverged from the hominid stem-line, the human line produced a variety of human species.⁠
According to the Toba catastrophe theory, a massive volcanic eruption changed the course of human history by severely reducing the human population.⁠
This occurred when, around 70–75,000 years ago, the Toba caldera in Indonesia underwent a category 8 or "mega-colossal" eruption on the Volcanic Explosivity Index.⁠
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This has reduced the average global temperature by 3 to 3.5 degrees Celsius for several years and may have triggered an ice age.⁠
This massive environmental change is believed to have created population bottlenecks (a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human activities) in the various species that existed at the time; this in turn accelerated differentiation of the isolated human populations, eventually leading to the extinction of all the other human species except for the branch that became modern humans.⁠
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#homoerectus #humans #homosapiens #humanevolution #evolution #toba #catastrophe #history #science

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## Tags

humanevolution, homoerectus, homosapiens, history, evolution, science, catastrophe, toba, humans

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