By 1944, George Hogg had lived for three years in relative peace at Shuangshipu, running his school amid the chaos of war. ⁣ ⁣ That summer, Japanese forces seized nearby Luoyang. Hogg recorded the brutal reality he encountered:⁣ ⁣ “The Japanese send small parties of soldiers marauding in to destroy villages. They attack 50 women and kill two co-op members. Other co-ops carry on with their work within ten miles of the enemy guns, cheering themselves with debates, sing-songs and outdoor lectures.”⁣ ⁣ For Hogg, the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives (the Gung Ho movement) embodied the power of community amid oppression. At their peak in 1941, nearly 3,000 cooperatives supported 300,000 people, producing everything from blankets to weapons for China’s war effort.⁣ ⁣ He wrote: “The co-operative values of decentralisation, individual initiative, loyalty and consciously working towards an ideal are all essential. But self-discipline is most important of all.”⁣ ⁣ This video contains AI-generated ...