Rami Makhlouf, billionaire businessman and cousin of Bashar al-Assad, served for years as the financial backbone of the regime. Through monopolies over telecommunications, banking, real estate, and import-export sectors, Makhlouf generated billions that sustained Assad’s war machine, financed pro-regime militias, and helped the regime evade international sanctions. View the full dossier on Makhlouf and other war criminals at setf.ngo/cards