ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: March 27, 1794—Congress passed the Naval Armament Act, officially establishing the United States Navy. For years, American merchant ships had suffered attacks from Barbary pirates, privateers, and European warships. With trade routes under siege and diplomacy failing, Congress narrowly voted to authorize a naval force, despite concerns over cost and neutrality. The act called for the construction of six frigates: USS United States, USS Constellation, USS Constitution, USS Congress, USS Chesapeake, and USS President. Launched three years later, USS Constitution quickly became a protector of American commerce, patrolling waters and defending U.S. interests abroad. Federalists argued that a navy was essential to protect trade, while opponents feared it would entangle the young nation in costly wars. However, as attacks increased, America had little choice—its economic security and sovereignty were at stake. The six frigates went on to define early U.S. naval p...