The "next-in-line" effect is the phenomenon of people being unable to recall information concerning events immediately preceding their turn to perform.⁠ ⁠ The effect was first studied experimentally by Malcolm Brenner in 1973. In his experiment, the participants were each, in turn, reading a word aloud from an index card, and after 25 words were read, they were asked to recall as many of the read words as possible. The experiment's results showed that words read aloud within approximately nine seconds before the subject's turn were recalled worse than other words.⁠ ⁠ _____⁠ ⁠ The reason for the next-in-line effect appears to be a deficit in encoding the perceived information preceding a performance. That is, the information is never stored in long-term memory and thus cannot be retrieved later after the performance. One finding supporting this theory is that asking the subjects beforehand to pay more attention to events preceding their turn to perform can prevent the memory deficit and...