Declines in Neuromuscular Function in Women with Advancing Age New research in The Journal of Physiology (O'Bryan and Critchlow et al. The contribution of age and sex hormones to female neuromuscular function across the adult lifespan: PMID: 40349308 DOI: 10.1113/JP287496) mapped neuromuscular function in 88 women (18–80 y), with only 28 in the menopausal transition. The authors report an “accelerated reduction in neuromuscular function, primarily of peripheral muscular origin, that occurs during the fourth decade and coincides with menopause onset” — an association, not proof of causation. In postmenopausal females, declines in neuromuscular function can, in part, be explained by: Age Quadriceps lean mass and intramuscular fat composition. Physical activity and protein intake Sex hormone concentrations In postmenopausal females, age-related declines can be explained by age (strongest negative regulator) estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) as the largest positive drivers, making i...