Birmingham, 1842. Elizabeth is 12. She straightens bent pins. 12 hours a day. 12,000 pins daily. The repetitive motion has twisted her spine. Her right shoulder is higher than her left. Her hands shake constantly. She earns 4 shillings a week—less than boys doing the same work. Adam Smith wrote about this factory in “The Wealth of Nations.” Called it “industrial efficiency.” He never mentioned what it did to the children. At 16, they’ll fire her—her twisted body makes her too slow. This is what “efficiency” looked like. #PinFactory #Birmingham1842 #ChildLabor #VictorianEngland #industrailrevolution