Stock options are a type of compensation that companies (especially startups) give employees.
Instead of just giving you a salary and bonus, they also give you the option (aka the right) to buy a certain number of shares of the company at a set price — called the exercise price — sometime in the future.
You usually can’t buy them all at once. You “earn” them over time through something called vesting (for example, 25% after one year, then monthly after that).
So basically, stock options = a bet that the company will grow and be worth a lot more later. If it does, you get to buy cheap and sell high.
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