A plasma cutter works by constricting an electric arc through a high-velocity gas stream, ionizing it into plasma. This plasma jet reaches temperatures above 20,000°C, locally melting the metal while the gas flow ejects molten material from the kerf. The result is a narrow, high-energy cut with minimal mechanical force. Square tubing adds a geometric constraint: you’re not cutting a flat plane, you’re cutting across four connected faces with changing orientation. To maintain a consistent kerf width, edge quality, and penetration depth, the system has to manage: * Torch-to-surface distance (standoff height): This must remain nearly constant despite the tube rotating. Variations change arc voltage and directly affect cut quality. * Angular alignment: The plasma arc must stay normal (perpendicular) to the surface to avoid beveling. As each face rotates into position, the torch path and orientation must adapt. * Feed rate vs. heat input: Too slow and you overheat edges, causing dross bui...