Inside the glass bulb is a low-pressure noble gas, typically xenon. When a high-frequency alternating current is driven through a coil beneath the bulb, it generates a rapidly oscillating electric field. This field accelerates free electrons, which collide with neutral atoms and strip off additional electrons through impact ionization. The result is plasma: a partially ionized gas consisting of electrons, ions, and neutral particles. At these frequencies, the system behaves differently from simple DC discharges. The oscillating field creates regions of varying electric potential, and charged particles respond collectively. Through a balance of forces, including electric field confinement, magnetic effects, pressure gradients, and particle collisions, the plasma can self-organize into a stable toroidal structure rather than dispersing randomly. The visible light comes from electronic excitation. Accelerated electrons collide with xenon atoms and raise their electrons to higher energy ...