The summit is made largely of Ordovician marine limestone, containing fossils such as trilobites, crinoids, and brachiopods. These rocks formed on the floor of the ancient Tethys Ocean roughly 450 to 500 million years ago. About 50 to 60 million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate, pushing those ancient seafloor rocks upward to form the Himalayas.
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