Officials love crying about shortages in capable employees. Historically, women who were able to obtain doctorate degrees in #STEM fields were underutilized. Not promoted, underpaid, or not hired at all. Some freelanced and did work from home; some worked in high schools; some worked as lab assistants. Even during times of national crises like WWII, they made it very clear that this was just temporary. Only the passage of federal legislation helped open up educational opportunities—but translating this to the workforce was HARD. Are things better today? ½ of women in male dominated STEM fields like tech and engineering are GONE by age 35. So much talent wasted. Read more on my #feministsciencesubstack feministscientist.substack.com/p/when-women-made-headway-in-stem #womeninSTEM #STEMhistory #feministsciencestudies #academicwomen #feministscience