Three minutes on, twelve minutes off. That’s the continuous irrigation cycle used by the submersible pumps in aeroponic towers. Over the course of a full day, this adds up to about 4.8 hours of active irrigation, delivering water and nutrients directly to the roots. We use agricultural rock wool as a soilless growing substrate, since soil itself isn’t suitable for hydroponic or aeroponic systems. Rock wool is made from basalt, essentially volcanic rock or solidified lava, which is melted at very high temperatures and spun into fibers to create a clean, inert growing medium. The towers operate fully automatically. A float valve in the bottom reservoir keeps the water level constant, while nutrients are dosed automatically from a gravity-fed tank positioned above the system. Through simple gravity pressure, this tank continuously replenishes the reservoirs, ensuring they stay full at all times. As an added benefit, the water weight in the base helps anchor the towers, providing stability...