Float a glass of water inside a bowl of water and heat the bowl until it boils. You’ll see steam rising and bubbles in the outer layer — but the water inside the glass stays still. Why?
When the outer water boils, all the added heat goes into latent heat of vaporization — the hidden energy needed to turn liquid into vapor. That means the temperature of the boiling water (and the glass in contact with it) stays fixed at about 100 °C. The inner water only receives heat by conduction through the glass, but since the glass never gets hotter than 100 °C, the inner water can’t reach its own boiling point.
So it warms, but never boils. The energy barrier of latent heat keeps the inner water trapped below the boiling threshold — a live demo of how phase changes lock temperature in place.
👉 Could you design a way to make the inner water boil? Try to reason it out in the comments.
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