The internet isn’t just software. It’s a physical thing with its own geography: massive data centers; 1.3 million kilometers of fiber-optic undersea cables; cell towers and copper wiring. It’s often in these IRL manifestations that the internet is most vulnerable to accident or, increasingly, concerted attack.
Internet blackouts — whether on purpose or accidental — are more common than you may realize. There have 935 internet shutdowns in more than 60 countries in the past decade.
The reason that internet blackouts are becoming more common is simple: they work. There are few more effective tactics for obliterating an opponent’s ability to communicate during moments of political tension.
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